Energies, Vol. 18, Pages 4667: Segmentation of 220 kV Cable Insulation Layers Using WGAN-GP-Based Data Augmentation and the TransUNet Model
Energies doi: 10.3390/en18174667
Authors:
Liang Luo
Song Qing
Yingjie Liu
Guoyuan Lu
Ziying Zhang
Yuhang Xia
Yi Ao
Fanbo Wei
Xingang Chen
This study presents a segmentation framework for images of 220 kV cable insulation that addresses sample scarcity and blurred boundaries. The framework integrates data augmentation using the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP) and the TransUNet architecture. Considering the difficulty and high cost of obtaining real cable images, WGAN-GP generates high-quality synthetic data to expand the dataset and improve the model’s generalization. The TransUNet network, designed to handle the structural complexity and indistinct edge features of insulation layers, combines the local feature extraction capability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with the global context modeling strength of Transformers. This combination enables accurate delineation of the insulation regions. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves mDice, mIoU, MP, and mRecall scores of 0.9835, 0.9677, 0.9840, and 0.9831, respectively, with improvements of approximately 2.03%, 3.05%, 2.08%, and 1.98% over a UNet baseline. Overall, the proposed approach outperforms UNet, Swin-UNet, and Attention-UNet, confirming its effectiveness in delineating 220 kV cable insulation layers under complex structural and data-limited conditions.