Energies, Vol. 18, Pages 4847: Securing the Electrified Future: A Systematic Review of Cyber Attacks, Intrusion and Anomaly Detection, and Authentication in Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Energies, Vol. 18, Pages 4847: Securing the Electrified Future: A Systematic Review of Cyber Attacks, Intrusion and Anomaly Detection, and Authentication in Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Energies doi: 10.3390/en18184847

Authors:
Lukasz Pawlik
Jacek Lukasz Wilk-Jakubowski
Pawel Tomasz Grabski
Grzegorz Wilk-Jakubowski

The growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates a robust and secure charging infrastructure. This review article analyzes the current state of cybersecurity challenges within EV charging ecosystems, focusing on vulnerabilities affecting charging stations, communication protocols, and grid integration technologies such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G). Based on a systematic literature review, common cyber threats are categorized, including data manipulation, authentication bypass, infrastructure failures, and attacks on backend systems and the power grid. Furthermore, this paper synthesizes existing and emerging risk mitigation strategies, encompassing intrusion detection systems (IDS), secure communication protocols, authentication frameworks, and anomaly detection techniques utilizing machine learning and blockchain technologies. By analyzing literature published between 2017 and 2024, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cybersecurity issues that are critical to ensuring the resilience and reliability of the evolving EV charging infrastructure. The scope of this review is centered specifically on cyber attacks, intrusion and anomaly detection, and authentication mechanisms within EV charging infrastructures, rather than on the broader cybersecurity domain.