Energies, Vol. 18, Pages 6022: Broadband Response Enhancement of a Pitching Wave Energy Converter Using a Nonlinear Stiffness Mechanism Under Dry Friction Effects

Energies, Vol. 18, Pages 6022: Broadband Response Enhancement of a Pitching Wave Energy Converter Using a Nonlinear Stiffness Mechanism Under Dry Friction Effects

Energies doi: 10.3390/en18226022

Authors:
Braulio Neira
Fabián G. Pierart
Claudio Villegas
Cristian Cifuentes
Vicente Barrientos
Gonzalo Tampier
Thomas Knobloch
Burkhard Corves
Mathias Hüsing

This work presents an experimental and theoretical study of a pitching point-absorber wave energy converter (WEC) equipped with a nonlinear stiffness mechanism (NSM) based on a pre-compressed spring. The mechanism is designed to reduce the equivalent restoring stiffness and enhance the device response without external control. A 1:13 scale prototype of the Lafkenewen WEC, deployed off Lebu (Chile), was tested in regular waves within a wave tank for two configurations: with and without the NSM. The rotational response amplitude operator (RAO) was obtained from experiments and compared against a linear hydrodynamic model formulated via Newtonian mechanics and frequency domain radiation/excitation coefficients. Dry friction at the hinge was represented as an equivalent viscous damping term identified iteratively. Unlike narrow-resonance WECs, both configurations exhibited a broadband response without a sharp resonance peak in the 0.7–1.2 Hz range, due to significant radiation damping and hinge friction. The NSM produced a moderate amplification of the rotational RAO (up to ∼32%) while preserving the broadband character. Theoretical predictions agreed with the measurements when dry friction was included. These results demonstrate that passive stiffness reduction via an NSM enhances wave–structure energy transfer even in systems dominated by effective damping and provides a consistent basis for future nonlinear time domain modeling and control-oriented studies.