Energies, Vol. 19, Pages 1456: Sensitivity Analysis and Design of Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Coil Geometries for Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicles Under Misalignments
Energies doi: 10.3390/en19061456
Authors:
Mário Loureiro
R. M. Monteiro Pereira
Adelino J. C. Pereira
This work investigates the geometric design and optimisation of a dynamic inductive power transfer coupler for two-wheeled electric vehicles under misalignment and magnetic-field exposure constraints. A computational three-dimensional finite-element model of a shielded rectangular coupler is developed to characterise coupling coefficients and magnetic flux density levels on control planes along the longitudinal travel range and under lateral and angular misalignments. Two simulation datasets are generated: one varying only geometric parameters at a nominal position for surrogate construction and global sensitivity analysis, and a second jointly sampling geometry, the travel range and misalignments for optimisation. Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansions and Canonical Low-Rank Approximation surrogates are built to quantify Sobol’ indices, revealing that a small subset of primary-side geometric variables dominates both coupling efficiency and magnetic field levels. Random forest regressors are then trained on the extended dataset and embedded in the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II to solve a multi-objective optimisation problem that maximises worst-case coupling, improves robustness to misalignment, and enforces magnetic-field leakage limits. Optimal designs were obtained, and a subset was selected for re-evaluation using the finite-element method. The results confirm that the proposed surrogate-assisted framework yields coupler geometries with enhanced coupling and reduced magnetic field leakage while respecting the mechanical constraints for the electric motorcycle system.